BIBLICAL BACKGROUND RESOURCES

Index

Safeliz Publications

Biblical Research Institute Publications

Andrews University Press

Ancient History and Archeology

Biblical Text

Cultural Backgrounds

Old Testament

New Testament

Additional Categories for Educational, Natural History and Theological Studies

General Works for Studying and Understanding Scriptures

Pacific Press and other Publishing Houses

Commentaries

Old Testament

New Testament

General Works*

Ancient History*

Archaeology*

Biblical Text United Bible Societies, Handbook Series.

Cultural Backgrounds*

Natural History and Geography*

New Testament*

Old Testament*

Safeliz Publications

Affirming Our Identity. Editors: Dan-Adrian Petre, Joel Iparraguire, y J. Vladimir Polanco. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2022.

Archaeology and Cultural Background Study Bible. Editor: Mario Paulo Martinelli. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2022.

Final Events. Editor: Mario Paulo Martinelli. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2022.

The Sanctuary and Salvation: The Practical Significance of Christ’s Sacrifice and Priesthood. Roy E. Gane. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2019.

Spotless: Experiencing the Everlasting Covenant through Righteousness by Faith. Shelley Quinn. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2023.

The End of Uncertainty: Walking towards a Future of Well-being. Alejandro Bullón. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2023.

The Gospel in the Setting of Final (End-Time) Events. Leonard Philips Tolhurst. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2022.

The Last Empire: The New World Order and the Counterfeiting of God’s Kingdom. Vanderlei Dorneles. Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2016.

Through Jesus Eyes: How the Christ of the New Testament Interprets and Unfolds the Old. Jon Paulien y Hans Karl LaRondelle (posthumous). Colmenar Viejo: Editorial Safeliz, 2020.

Biblical Research Institute Publications

Holbrook, Frank B., ed. The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy. Vol. 3. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Washington, DC: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1986.

Holbrook, Frank B., ed. Issues in the Book of Hebrews. Vol. 4. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1989.

Holbrook, Frank B., ed. Symposium on Daniel: Introductory and Exegetical Studies. Vol. 2. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Washington, DC: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1986.

Holbrook, Frank B., ed. Symposium on Revelation: Exegetical and General Studies, Book 2. Vol. 7. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1992.

Holbrook, Frank B., ed. Symposium on Revelation: Introductory and Exegetical Studies, Book 1. Vol. 6. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1992.

Mueller, Ekkehardt, and Eike Mueller, eds. The Sabbath in the New Testament and in Theology: Implications for Christians in the Twenty-First Century. Vol. 2. Biblical Research Institute Studies on the Biblical Sabbath. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute, 2023.

Pfandl, Gerhard, ed. Interpreting Scripture: Bible Questions and Answers. Vol. 2. Biblical Research Institute Studies. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute, 2010.

Reid, George W., ed. Understanding Scripture: An Adventist Approach. Vol. 1. Biblical Research Institute Studies. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute, 2006.

Shea, William H. Selected Studies on Prophetic Interpretation. Edited by Frank B. Holbrook. Revised Edition. Vol. 1. Daniel and Revelation Committee Series. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1992.

Andrews University Press

Ancient History and Archeology

Sigrist, Marcel. Old Babylonian Account Texts. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1990.

Sigrist, Marcel. Larsa Year Names. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1990.

Sigrist, Marcel. Neo-Sumerian Account Texts. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1984.

Kromholz, Alfred H., and Marcel Sigrist. Concordance of the Isin-Larsa Year Names. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1986.

Sigrist, Marcel. Isin Year Names. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1988.

Nunez, Samuel. The Vision of Daniel 8: Interpretations from 1700-1800. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1989.

Biblical Text

Doukhan, Jacques B. Daniel 11 Decoded: An Exegetical, Historical, and Theological Study. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2019.

Jumper, James N. Annotated Answer Key to A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2003.

Johns, Alger F. A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1972.

Glanz, Oliver. Biblical Hebrew Reviewer: A Universal Study Companion. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2018.

Cultural Backgrounds

MacCarty, Skip. In Granite or Ingrained?: What the Old and New Covenants Reveal about the Gospel, the Law, and the Sabbath. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2007.

Tonstad, Sigve K. The Lost Meaning of the Seventh Day. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2009.

Papaioannou, Kim, and Ioannis Giantzaklidis, eds. Earthly Shadows, Heavenly Realities: Temple/Sanctuary Cosmology in Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Jewish Literature. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2017.

Yoon, Won K. Context and Continuity: The Korean Adventist Church in North America and Its Future Generations. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2008.

Old Testament

Doukhan, Jacques B. Daniel: Vision of the End. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1987.

Larondelle, Hans K. The Israel of God in Prophecy. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1983.

Shepherd, Thomas R. The Genesis Creation Account and Its Reverberations in the Old Testament. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2015.

New Testament

Johnsson, William G. Jesus of Nazareth: His Life, His Message, His Passion. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2018.

Klingbeil, Gerald A. The Genesis Creation Account and Its Reverberations in the New Testament. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2017.

Stefanovic, Ranko. Plain Revelation. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2013.

Additional Categories for Educational, Natural History and Theological Studies

Knight, George R. Philosophy & Education: An Introduction in Christian Perspective. 4th ed. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2006.

Knight, George R. Issues and Alternatives in Educational Philosophy. 4th ed. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2008.

Knight, George R. Educating for Eternity: A Seventh-day Adventist Philosophy of Education. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2016.

Land, Gary. Teaching History: A Seventh-day Adventist Approach. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2000.

Matthews, Lionel. Sociology: A Seventh-day Adventist Approach for Students and Teachers. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2006.

Knott, Ronald Alan, ed. College Faith: 150 Christian Leaders and Educators Share Faith Stories from Their Student Days. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2002.

Knott, Ronald Alan, ed. College Faith 2: 150 Christian Leaders and Educators Share Faith Stories from Their Student Days. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2004.

General Works for Studying and Understanding Scriptures

Gulley, Norman R. Systematic Theology: Prolegomena. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2003.

Gulley, Norman R. Systematic Theology: God as Trinity. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2011.

Gulley, Norman R. Systematic Theology: Creation, Christ, Salvation. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2012.

Gulley, Norman R. Systematic Theology: The Church and the Last Things. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2016.

White, Ellen G. Christ’s Object Lessons. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2015.

Peckham, John C. God with Us: An Introduction to Adventist Theology. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2023.

Rice, Richard. Reign of God: An Introduction to Christian Theology. 2nd ed. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1997.

Davidson, Richard M. Typology in Scripture. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 1981.

Bell, Skip, ed. Servants and Friends: A Biblical Theology of Leadership. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2014.

Brand, Leonard, and Arthur Chadwick. Faith, Reason, and Earth History: A Paradigm of Earth and Biological Origins by Intelligent Design. 3rd ed. Berrien Springs, Mi: Andrews University Press, 2016.

Pacific Press and other Publishing Houses

Commentaries

Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, vol. 1-7. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press.

Vol. 1 Genesis to Deuteronomy (c. 1953 1976 1978)

Vol. 2 Joshua to 2 Kings (c. 1953 1976)

Vol. 3 1 Chronicles to Song of Solomon (c. 1954 1977)

Vol. 4 Isaiah to Malachi (c. 1955 1977)

Vol. 5 Matthew to John (c. 1956 1980)

Vol. 6 Acts to Ephesians (c. 1956 1980)

Vol. 7 Philippians to Revelation (c. 1957 1980)

SDA International Bible Commentary. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press.

Vol. 3 Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel (2022)

Vol. 4 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles (2022)

Vol. 6 Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs (2022)

Old Testament

Doukhan, Jacques. Genesis. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2021.

Moskala, Jiří. Deuteronomy: The Book of Love. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2021.

Moskala, Jiří. Ezra and Nehemiah. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2021.

Graham, Ricardo. The Book of Job. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2016.

Klingbeil, Martin. Psalms. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2023.

Gane, Roy. The Book of Isaiah. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2020.

de Souza, Elias Brasil. The Book of Daniel. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2019.

New Testament

Nash, Andy. The Book of Matthew. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2015.

Shepherd, Thomas. The Book of Mark. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2024.

Paroschi, Wilson. The Book of Acts. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2018.

Knight, George R. Romans, Salvation for “ALL.” Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2016.

Knight, George R. Gospels in Conflict: Paul's Letter to the Galatians. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2017.

McVay, John. Ephesians. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2023.

McIver, Robert. 1 and 2 Peter. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2016.

Mueller, Ekkehardt. The Letters of John. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2008.

Stefanovic, Ranko. The Book of Revelation. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2018.

General Works*

Beck, John A., ed. Zondervan Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011.

Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. Ed. Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, and Tremper Longman III Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1998.

Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. David Noel Freedman, ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible. Merrill C. Tenny, general ed. Moisés Silva, revision ed. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009.

Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary. John H. Walton, ed. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009.

Matthews, Victor Harold, Mark W. Chavalas, and John H. Walton. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. Electronic ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Ancient History*

Baines, John, and Jaromir Málek. Atlas of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, 1980.

Easley, Kendell. Holman Illustrated Guide to Biblical History: With Photos from the Archives of the Biblical Illustrator. Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2003.

Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. Lost Treasures of the Bible: Understanding the Bible Through Archaeological Artifacts in World Museums. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2008.

Finegan, Jack. Handbook of Biblical Chronology. Rev. ed. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.

Hallo, William W., and William Kelly Simpson. The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1971.

Lawrence, Paul. The IVP Atlas of Bible History. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic, 2006.

Mesopotamia and the Bible: Comparative Explorations. Ed. Mark W. Chavalas and K. Lawson Younger, Jr. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002.

Thiele, Edwin R. A Chronology of the Hebrew Kings. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977.

Yamauchi, Edwin M. Africa and the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2004.

Archaeology*

Archeology of Ancient Israel, The. Ed. Amnon Ben-Tor. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992.

Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, The. Ed. Thomas Levy. London: Leicester University Press, 1998.

Báez-Camargo, Gonzalo. Archaeological Commentary on the Bible. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1986.

Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Places. Ed. John J. Bimson. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1995.

Cornfeld, Gaalyah. Archaeology of the Bible: Book by Book. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1976.

DeVries, LaMoine F. Cities of the Biblical World. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.

Harris, Roberta L. The World of the Bible. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

Hoerth, Alfred J. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

Horovitz, Ahiron. City of David: The Story of Ancient Jerusalem. 3rd ed. Israel: Megalim: City of David Institute for Jerusalem Studies, 2010.

Jesus and Archaeology. Ed. James H. Charlesworth. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2006.

McRay, John. Archaeology and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991.

Mare, W. Harold. The Archaeology of the Jerusalem Area. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987.

Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Meyers, Eric M., and James F. Strange. Archaeology, the Rabbis, and Early Christianity. Nashville: Abingdon, 1981.

Near Eastern Archaeology: a Reader. Suzanne Richard, ed. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2003.

Reed, Jonathan L. Archaeology and the Galilean Jesus. Harrisburg, Pa.: Trinity Press International, 2000.

______ The Harper Collins Visual Guide to the New Testament: What Archaeology Reveals About the First Christians. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.

Rousseau, John J., and Rami Arav. Jesus and His World: An Archaeological and Cultural Dictionary. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995.

Stephens, William H. The New Testament World in Pictures. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1987.

Thompson, Henry O. Biblical Archaeology: The World, the Mediterranean, the Bible. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1987.

Biblical Text* United Bible Societies, Handbook Series

Cultural Backgrounds*

Adkins, Lesley, and Roy A. Adkins. Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. New York: Facts on File, 1994.

Bailey, Kenneth E. Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic, 2008.

Biblical Social Values and Their Meaning: A Handbook. Ed. John J. Pilch and Bruce J. Malina. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1993.

Beck, John A. The Baker Illustrated Guide to Everyday Life in Bible Times. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2013.

Holman Reference. Ultimate Guide to the Holy Land. Ultimate Guide Series. Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2022.

David, Rosalie. Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 1998.

deSilva, David A. Honor, Patronage, Kinship and Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Silva, Moisés. The Essential Companion to Life in Bible Times. Essential Bible Companion Series. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011.

Dictionary of Daily Life in Biblical and Post-biblical Antiquity. Edwin M. Yamauchi and Marvin R. Wilson, eds. 3 vols. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2014-.

Hanson, K. C., and Douglas E. Oakman. Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2008.

Hays, Christopher B. Hidden Riches: a Sourcebook for the Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East. Louisville: WJK Westminster John Knox Press, 2014.

Jesus and His Times. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader’s Digest Association, 1987.

King, Philip J., and Lawrence E. Stager. Life in Biblical Israel. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

MacDonald, Nathan. What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2008.

Malina, Bruce J. The New Testament World: Insights From Cultural Anthropology. 3rd ed. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

______ Windows on the World of Jesus: Time Travel to Ancient Judea. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1993.

Marriage and Family in the Biblical World. Ed. Ken M. Campbell. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2003.

Matthews, Victor H. Manners and Customs in the Bible: An Illustrated Guide to Daily Life in Bible Times. 3rd ed. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2006.

_____, and Don. C. Benjamin. Social World of Ancient Israel 1250-587 BCE. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1993.

Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2002.

Osick, Carolyn, and David L. Balch. Families in the New Testament World: Households and House Churches. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.

Peoples of the Old Testament World. Ed. Alfred J. Hoerth, Gerald L. Mattingly, Edwin M. Yamauchi. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

Sacks, David. Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. New York: Facts on File, 1995.

Shaw, Ian, and Paul Nicholson. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. New York: Henry N. Abrams, 1995.

Simmons, William A. Peoples of the New Testament World: An Illustrated Guide. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.

Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation, The. Ed. Richard Rohrbaugh. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1996.

Social World of the New Testament, The. Ed. Jerome H. Neyrey and Eric C. Stewart. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.

Stambaugh, John E., and David L. Balch. The New Testament in Its Social Environment. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1986.

Thompson, J. A. Handbook of Life in Bible Times. Downers Grove, Ill.: Inter-Varsity Press, 1986.

Vamosh, Miriam Feinberg. Food at the Time of the Bible: From Adam’s Apple to the Last Supper. Nashville: Abington, 2004.

Wright, N. T., and Michael F. Bird. The New Testament in Its World: An Introduction to the History, Literature, and Theology of the First Christians. London; Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic; SPCK, 2019.

Natural History and Geography*

Aharoni, Yohanan, et al. The Macmillan Bible Atlas. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

Beitzel, Barry J., Jessica Parks, and Doug Mangum, eds. Lexham Geographic Commentary on Acts through Revelation. Lexham Geographic Commentary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019.

Har-El, Menashe. Landscape, Nature, and Man in the Bible: Sites and Events in the Old Testament. Jerusalem: Carta, 2003.

Hareuveni, Nogah. Desert and Shepherd in Our Biblical Heritage. Trans. And adapted by Helen Frenkley. 2nd ed. Lod, Israel, Neot Kedumim, 2007.

______ Nature in Our Biblical Heritage. Trans. And adapted by Helen Frenkley. 3rd ed. Lod, Israel: Neot Kedumim, 2007.

______ Trees and Shrub in Our Biblical Heritage. Trans. And adapted by Helen Frenkley. 2nd ed. Lod, Israel: Neot Kedumim, 2006.

Hepper, F. Nigel. Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Plants. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992.

Losch, Richard R. The Uttermost Part of the Earth: A Guide to Places in the Bible. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2005.

Rasmussen, Carl G. Zondervan NIV Atlas of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.

Robertson, O. Palmer. Understanding the Land of the Bible: A Biblical-Theological Guide. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1996.

Rogerson, John. Atlas of the Bible. New York: Facts on File, 1985.

Walker, Winifred. All the Plants of the Bible. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979.

Watson, Philip J. Costume of Old Testament People. London: B. T. Batsford Limited, 1987.

Wright, Paul H. Holman Illustrated Guide to Biblical Geography: Reading the Land. Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2020.

New Testament*

Barret, C. K. The New Testament Background: Selected Documents. Rev. and expanded ed. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987.

Bell, Albert A. Exploring the New Testament World. Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1998.

Court, John, and Kathleen Court. The New Testament World. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1990.

Crossan, John Dominic, and Jonathan L. Reed. Excavating Jesus: Beneath the Stones, Behind the Texts. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2001.

Donfried, Karl P., and Peter Richardson, eds. Judaism and Christianity in First-Century Rome. Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1998.

Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Ed. Joel B. Green, Scot McKnight, and I. Howard Marshall. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1992.

Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Joel B. Green, Jeannine K. Brown, and Nicholas Perrin, eds. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2013.

Dictionary of New Testament Background. Ed. Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Ed. Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin, and Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1993.

Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments. Ed. Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1997.

Finegan, Jack. The Archeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginnings of the Early Church. Rev. ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Keener, Craig S. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2014.

Old Testament*

Borowski, Oded. Daily Life in Biblical Times. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003.

Bright, John. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000.

Craigie, Peter C. The Old Testament: Its Background, Growth, and Content. Nashville: Abingdon, 1986.

Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1997.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books. Ed. Bill T. Arnold and H.G.M. Williamson. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2005.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. Ed. T. Desmond Alexander and David W. Baker. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2003.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Prophets. Mark J. Boda and J. Gordon McConville, eds. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2013.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry, and Writings. Ed. Tremper Longman III and Peter Enns. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2008.

Estes, Daniel J. Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.

Fokkelman, J. P. Reading Biblical Narrative: An Introductory Guide. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1999.

Gibson, J.C.L. Language and Imagery in the Old Testament. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.

Hamilton, Victor P. Handbook on the Historical Books. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001.

________. Handbook on the Pentateuch. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.

Hanson, K. C. and Douglas E. Oakman. Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflict. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, n.d.

Hasel, Michael G. Military Practice and Polemic: Israel’s Laws of Warfare in Near Eastern Perspective. Berrien Springs, Mich.: Andrews University Press, 2005.

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. The Old Testament Documents: Are They Reliable and Relevant? Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2001.

Kitchen, K. A. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2003.

Matthews, Victor H. Social World of the Hebrew Prophets. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2001.

_______, and Don C. Benjamin. Old Testament Parallels: Laws and Stories From the Ancient Near East. New York: Paulist Press, 1991.

Seevers, Boyd. Warfare in the Old Testament: The Organization, Weapons, and Tactics of Ancient Near Eastern Armies. Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2013.

Smelik, Klaas A. D. Writings From Ancient Israel: A Handbook of Historical and Religious Documents. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991.

Walton, John H. Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context: A Study of Parallels Between Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.

_____. Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006.

_____, Victor H. Matthews, and Mark W. Chavalas. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Keel, Othmar. The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms. New York: Seabury Press, 1978.

*These titles are offered only as resources for additional background study. Their inclusion does not mean endorsement of all details in them. In such areas as archaeology and cultural studies new findings will be constantly revising understandings and interpretations of previously known data and evidence. And whatever commentaries you choose will have their articular perspectives that you must always keep in mind and continually test against the sense of the biblical text. But these resources still provide a basis for those seeking to study certain aspects of Scripture.